The phrase ‘must have done’ is not included with the modal verb obligations and is considered instead to be a modal verb of speculation or deduction. In any instance, the use of ‘not’ can be contracted to ‘n’t’ and attached to the end of a word, for example: ‘shouldn’t’ instead of ‘should not’ and ‘mustn’t’ rather than ‘must not’. In order to use ‘should’ in the past tense, the speaker is able to use ‘should have’ followed by the past participle or, in the case of negative versions, ‘should not have’ plus the past participle. For those who wish to use ‘must’ in a past tense, then the typical pattern is to use ‘had to’ and ‘didn’t have to’ as it will be able to provide the same meaning. When using in the past tense, ‘have to’ becomes ‘had to’ and ‘didn’t have to’. The former suggests that the action is not allowed or that it is a bad idea, while the latter suggests that an action is allowable even if it is not necessary. There is a difference between the use of ‘must not’ and ‘do not have to’ or ‘don’t have to’. We must not smoke cigarettes as it leads to ill health. I must not tell lies about my mathematics homework. I had to post that letter or I would have missed the delivery. You must go home before your dinner gets too cold. I must think about what I have learned at school today. To form the negative version, the speaker places ‘not’ after the word: ‘must not’, indicating that there is a negative obligation, i.e. In the present tense, ‘must’ is also used to denote a strong obligation but this is typically from a speaker’s perspective. The dogs did not have to worry about politics, they just chased cats. You don’t have to worry too much about combing your hair today. I don’t have to go to work today because it’s a weekend. You didn’t have to go to school during the summer.
We have to find out how to make these delicious cakes before the chef leaves. People have to look before crossing the road. The positive is simply ‘have to’ and the negative is made by using ‘don’t’ before it: ‘don’t have to’. In the present tense, ‘have to’ denotes a strong obligation, likely from an external perspective. We should not try to remove a red wine stain with white wine. You shouldn’t use that machinery without the proper protection. I should not have run when the ground was wet. You should have filled the kettle to the top when making a cup of tea. You should consider donating to charity when you can. You should always put aside some of your earnings in a savings account. The negative version is made by placing a ‘not’ after the word: ‘should not’, indicating a milder form of negative obligation or piece of advice.
In the present tense, ‘should’ can be used in order to signify a milder form of obligation and/or advice.
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